The digital creator

  What is OSI MODEL ? The OSI model, or Open Systems Interconnection model, is a conceptual framework that standardizes the functions of a telecommunication or computing system into seven abstraction layers. Each layer serves a specific purpose and interacts with the layers above and below it.  The seven layers, from the lowest to the highest,  are: 1. Physical Layer : Deals with the physical connection between devices and transmission of raw binary data over a physical medium. 2. Data Link Layer : Responsible for node-to-node communication and error detection and correction in the physical layer. 3. Network Layer: Manages routing, addressing, and forwarding of data packets between devices on different networks. 4. Transport Layer: Ensures end-to-end communication, error recovery, and flow control between devices. 5. Session Layer : Establishes, manages, and terminates sessions (connections) between applications. 6. Presentation Layer: Translates data between the appli...

 NETWORK TOPOLOGY :-     I n the context of computer netwoks , topology refers to the arrangement of elements(links,nodes,etc.) in a network. it defines how different components of a network connected and how data is transmitted between them . network topology can have a significant impact on the performance ,reliability,and scalability of a network . several common types of network topologies exist , and each has its own advantage and disadvantages. There are some of the main types: 1. BUS TOPOLOGY:-            .In a bus topology all device share a single communication line (the bus).            .Data is sent by a device and is accessible to all other devices, but only the intended                              recipient  accepts and process the data.            .Simple and cost-effective,but can suf...