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  What is Tuberculosis ? TB stands for tuberculosis. It is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB primarily affects the lungs but can also target other parts of the body, such as the kidneys, spine, and brain. The infection spreads through the air when an infected individual coughs, sneezes, or talks, releasing tiny droplets containing the bacteria. When inhaled by others, these bacteria can settle in the lungs and cause an infection. TB can have both active and latent forms. In latent TB infection, the bacteria are present in the body but do not cause symptoms or illness. However, the bacteria can become active and cause tuberculosis disease if the person's immune system weakens. Symptoms of active TB include persistent coughing, sometimes with blood-tinged sputum, chest pain, fatigue, weight loss, fever, and night sweats. If left untreated, TB can be life-threatening. Treatment for TB usually involves a combination of antibiotics taken over seve...