*BIOS* (Basic input /Output System)

*What is BIOS ?*
BIOS stands for Basic Input/Output System. It is a firmware or software program that is built into a computer's motherboard. BIOS is responsible for initializing and controlling the basic hardware components of the computer during the boot process.

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When you turn on your computer, the BIOS program is the first software that runs. Its main purpose is to perform a Power-On Self Test (POST) to check if all the hardware components are functioning correctly. It then loads the operating system into the computer's memory and transfers control to it.
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BIOS provides a low-level interface between the hardware and the operating system. It enables communication and interaction between the computer's hardware components such as the processor, memory, hard drives, keyboard, mouse, and other peripherals.

In addition to hardware initialization, BIOS also contains configuration settings that can be accessed and modified by the user. These settings, often accessed through a setup utility or BIOS menu, allow you to configure various parameters such as boot order, system date and time, CPU settings, and more.

It's important to note that with the introduction of UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface), which is a more advanced successor to BIOS, the term "BIOS" is often used interchangeably to refer to the firmware of the computer, regardless of whether it is a traditional BIOS or UEFI.

Overall, BIOS is a fundamental component of a computer system that plays a crucial role in the boot process, hardware initialization, and providing an interface for configuring system settings.

How many Types of BIOS
 There are mainly two types of BIOS that have been used in computer systems:

1. **Traditional BIOS**: Also known as Legacy BIOS, it has been the standard firmware interface for many years. Traditional BIOS uses the Master Boot Record (MBR) partitioning scheme and operates in 16-bit real mode. It has certain limitations, such as the maximum disk size it can support (2.2 terabytes) and the slow boot process.



2. **UEFI (Unified Extensible Firmware Interface)**: UEFI is a newer and more advanced firmware interface. It has replaced the traditional BIOS in modern computer systems. UEFI supports the GUID Partition Table (GPT) partitioning scheme, which allows larger disk sizes and more efficient use of storage. UEFI operates in 32-bit or 64-bit mode, providing better performance and more flexibility. It offers features like a graphical user interface, mouse support, secure booting, and faster boot times.



UEFI has become the industry standard, and most new computers now come with UEFI firmware. It provides enhanced security, improved hardware support, and additional features compared to traditional BIOS. UEFI also offers compatibility support for running legacy operating systems designed for BIOS.

It's worth noting that some people may refer to UEFI as "UEFI BIOS" or simply "BIOS" even though UEFI is technically not the same as the traditional BIOS. This terminology can be a bit confusing, but it's important to understand that UEFI and traditional BIOS are distinct firmware interfaces.

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